發布時間：2026-04-26 16:14:08 人氣：306281 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang，zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong，zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi，yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu，zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi，youyuyouliguidefushi，fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
fushiduimifengjiandexingnengyouhendayingxiang。youyumifengbizhujidelingjiangengxiao，jingdugenggao，suoyitongchangxuanzebizhujimifengnaifushidecailiao。duiyuyujiezhizhijiejiechudemifengjian，kecankaoxiangguanfushishoucezhongdeshujuxuanzeheshidecailiao。raner，zhexieshujukenengyu宜黃機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在(zai)處(chu)理(li)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)流(liu)體(ti)時(shi)，采(cai)用(yong)外(wai)密(mi)封(feng)或(huo)雙(shuang)端(duan)密(mi)封(feng)可(ke)以(yi)最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度(du)地(di)減(jian)少(shao)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)與(yu)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)體(ti)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)數(shu)量(liang)最(zui)少(shao)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)在(zai)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)選(xuan)擇(ze)密(mi)封(feng)結(jie)構(gou)最(zui)古(gu)老(lao)的(de)窯(yao)理(li)之(zhi)一(yi)。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、銅tong合he金jin等deng。容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。在zai應ying力li腐fu蝕shi過guo程cheng中zhong，一yi般ban在zai金jin屬shu表biao麵mian形xing成cheng選xuan擇ze性xing腐fu蝕shi槽cao，然ran後hou繼ji續xu局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi，最zui後hou在zai應ying力li作zuo用yong下xia從cong槽cao底di產chan生sheng裂lie紋wen。典dian型xing的de例li子zi是shi104型宜黃機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Ti製zhi成cheng。在zai氨an水shui泵beng中zhong使shi用yong時shi，傳chuan動dong套tao筒tong的de傳chuan動dong耳er環huan最zui容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi裂lie紋wen，從cong而er損sun壞huai耳er環huan。所suo以yi把ba凹ao耳er釘ding換huan成cheng實shi心xin耳er片pian可ke以yi防fang止zhi這zhe種zhong應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。
3.介jie質zhi腐fu蝕shi。密mi封feng件jian和he流liu體ti之zhi間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong導dao致zhi接jie觸chu表biao麵mian上shang的de微wei小xiao不bu均jun勻yun。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi，會hui加jia速su密mi封feng接jie觸chu麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying，有you時shi有you益yi，有you時shi有you害hai。如ru果guo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai，就jiu會hui發fa生sheng腐fu蝕shi。磨mo損sun和he磨mo蝕shi交jiao替ti作zuo用yong對dui材cai料liao造zao成cheng的de損sun傷shang稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang，磨mo損sun對dui宜黃機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、環huan座zuo等deng。並bing不bu能neng迅xun速su反fan映ying密mi封feng性xing能neng的de變bian化hua，但dan卻que是shi摩mo擦ca副fu失shi效xiao的de主zhu要yao形xing式shi之zhi一yi。因yin此ci，在zai腔qiang體ti的de腐fu蝕shi介jie質zhi中zhong，摩mo擦ca副fu應ying由you耐nai腐fu蝕shi性xing好hao的de材cai料liao製zhi成cheng。例li如ru，使shi用yong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi。當dang介jie質zhi處chu於yu金jin屬shu與yu金jin屬shu或huo非fei金jin屬shu構gou件jian之zhi間jian，且qie存cun在zai小xiao間jian隙xi時shi，由you於yu介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai，間jian隙xi內nei金jin屬shu的de腐fu蝕shi會hui加jia速su，這zhe種zhong現xian象xiang稱cheng為wei間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi。例li如ru宜黃機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)就jiu是shi典dian型xing的de例li子zi。原yuan因yin是shi接jie頭tou內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai，使shi得de參can與yu腐fu蝕shi反fan應ying的de物wu質zhi難nan以yi加jia入ru接jie頭tou內nei，接jie頭tou內nei的de腐fu蝕shi產chan物wu難nan以yi向xiang外wai擴kuo散san。隨sui著zhe腐fu蝕shi的de進jin行xing，接jie頭tou中zhong的de介jie質zhi在zai成cheng分fen濃nong度du和hePH值(zhi)上(shang)與(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)介(jie)質(zhi)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)不(bu)同(tong)，導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)頭(tou)中(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)加(jia)劇(ju)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng)非(fei)常(chang)有(you)害(hai)。密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)與(yu)雙(shuang)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)凹(ao)槽(cao)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)補(bu)償(chang)環(huan)無(wu)法(fa)軸(zhou)向(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)，失(shi)去(qu)隨(sui)動(dong)性(xing)，導(dao)致(zhi)端(duan)麵(mian)分(fen)離(li)和(he)泄(xie)漏(lou)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)合(he)理(li)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)來(lai)緩(huan)解(jie)。比(bi)如(ru)選(xuan)擇(ze)抗(kang)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)；在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)，應(ying)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)避(bi)免(mian)液(ye)體(ti)積(ji)聚(ju)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)和(he)死(si)區(qu)。采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)衝(chong)洗(xi)循(xun)環(huan)，使(shi)密(mi)封(feng)腔(qiang)內(nei)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)不(bu)斷(duan)更(geng)換(huan)和(he)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，防(fang)止(zhi)介(jie)質(zhi)成(cheng)分(fen)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)變(bian)化(hua)；對dui於yu長chang期qi停ting用yong的de泵beng，應ying及ji時shi排pai出chu積ji聚ju的de液ye體ti等deng。不bu可ke能neng完wan全quan消xiao除chu結jie構gou上shang的de差cha距ju。所suo以yi一yi般ban采cai用yong防fang護hu軸zhou承cheng，可ke以yi在zai密mi封feng圈quan安an裝zhuang部bu位wei噴pen塗tu耐nai腐fu蝕shi材cai料liao來lai防fang止zhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，宜黃機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就宜黃機械密封mocafueryan，tamenjingchangshoudaodianhuaxuefushidesunhai，yinweimocafuzhongtongchangshiyongbutongdecailiao。dangtamenchuyudianjiezhirongyezhongshi，butongcailiaojiechushihuichuxiandianouhexiaoying，jiyizhongcailiaodefushidedaocujin，lingyizhongcailiaodefushidedaoyizhi。liru，dangtongheniegegangyongyuyanghuajiezhishi，niegegangbeidianlihefenjie。yanshui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
