發布時間：2026-04-21 10:25:05 人氣：303571 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang，zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong，zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi，yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu，zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi，youyuyouliguidefushi，fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
fushiduimifengjiandexingnengyouhendayingxiang。youyumifengbizhujidelingjiangengxiao，jingdugenggao，suoyitongchangxuanzebizhujimifengnaifushidecailiao。duiyuyujiezhizhijiejiechudemifengjian，kecankaoxiangguanfushishoucezhongdeshujuxuanzeheshidecailiao。raner，zhexieshujukenengyu喜德機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在(zai)處(chu)理(li)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)流(liu)體(ti)時(shi)，采(cai)用(yong)外(wai)密(mi)封(feng)或(huo)雙(shuang)端(duan)密(mi)封(feng)可(ke)以(yi)最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度(du)地(di)減(jian)少(shao)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)與(yu)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)體(ti)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)數(shu)量(liang)最(zui)少(shao)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)在(zai)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)選(xuan)擇(ze)密(mi)封(feng)結(jie)構(gou)最(zui)古(gu)老(lao)的(de)窯(yao)理(li)之(zhi)一(yi)。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、銅tong合he金jin等deng。容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。在zai應ying力li腐fu蝕shi過guo程cheng中zhong，一yi般ban在zai金jin屬shu表biao麵mian形xing成cheng選xuan擇ze性xing腐fu蝕shi槽cao，然ran後hou繼ji續xu局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi，最zui後hou在zai應ying力li作zuo用yong下xia從cong槽cao底di產chan生sheng裂lie紋wen。典dian型xing的de例li子zi是shi104型喜德機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Ti製zhi成cheng。在zai氨an水shui泵beng中zhong使shi用yong時shi，傳chuan動dong套tao筒tong的de傳chuan動dong耳er環huan最zui容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi裂lie紋wen，從cong而er損sun壞huai耳er環huan。所suo以yi把ba凹ao耳er釘ding換huan成cheng實shi心xin耳er片pian可ke以yi防fang止zhi這zhe種zhong應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。
3.介jie質zhi腐fu蝕shi。密mi封feng件jian和he流liu體ti之zhi間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong導dao致zhi接jie觸chu表biao麵mian上shang的de微wei小xiao不bu均jun勻yun。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi，會hui加jia速su密mi封feng接jie觸chu麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying，有you時shi有you益yi，有you時shi有you害hai。如ru果guo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai，就jiu會hui發fa生sheng腐fu蝕shi。磨mo損sun和he磨mo蝕shi交jiao替ti作zuo用yong對dui材cai料liao造zao成cheng的de損sun傷shang稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang，磨mo損sun對dui喜德機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、環huan座zuo等deng。並bing不bu能neng迅xun速su反fan映ying密mi封feng性xing能neng的de變bian化hua，但dan卻que是shi摩mo擦ca副fu失shi效xiao的de主zhu要yao形xing式shi之zhi一yi。因yin此ci，在zai腔qiang體ti的de腐fu蝕shi介jie質zhi中zhong，摩mo擦ca副fu應ying由you耐nai腐fu蝕shi性xing好hao的de材cai料liao製zhi成cheng。例li如ru，使shi用yong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。當(dang)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)或(huo)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)構(gou)件(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)，且(qie)存(cun)在(zai)小(xiao)間(jian)隙(xi)時(shi)，由(you)於(yu)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)停(ting)滯(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，間(jian)隙(xi)內(nei)金(jin)屬(shu)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)會(hui)加(jia)速(su)，這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。例(li)如(ru)喜德機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)jiushidianxingdelizi。yuanyinshijietouneidejiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai，shidecanyufushifanyingdewuzhinanyijiarujietounei，jietouneidefushichanwunanyixiangwaikuosan。suizhefushidejinxing，jietouzhongdejiezhizaichengfennongduhePH值zhi上shang與yu整zheng個ge介jie質zhi越yue來lai越yue不bu同tong，導dao致zhi接jie頭tou中zhong金jin屬shu表biao麵mian的de腐fu蝕shi加jia劇ju。間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng性xing能neng非fei常chang有you害hai。密mi封feng圈quan與yu雙shuang軸zhou之zhi間jian的de凹ao槽cao會hui導dao致zhi補bu償chang環huan無wu法fa軸zhou向xiang位wei移yi，失shi去qu隨sui動dong性xing，導dao致zhi端duan麵mian分fen離li和he泄xie漏lou。間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi通tong常chang可ke以yi通tong過guo適shi當dang的de材cai料liao選xuan擇ze和he合he理li的de結jie構gou設she計ji來lai緩huan解jie。比bi如ru選xuan擇ze抗kang間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi性xing能neng好hao的de材cai料liao；在zai結jie構gou設she計ji中zhong，應ying盡jin可ke能neng避bi免mian液ye體ti積ji聚ju的de間jian隙xi和he死si區qu。采cai用yong自zi衝chong洗xi循xun環huan，使shi密mi封feng腔qiang內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu不bu斷duan更geng換huan和he流liu動dong的de狀zhuang態tai，防fang止zhi介jie質zhi成cheng分fen的de濃nong度du變bian化hua；對dui於yu長chang期qi停ting用yong的de泵beng，應ying及ji時shi排pai出chu積ji聚ju的de液ye體ti等deng。不bu可ke能neng完wan全quan消xiao除chu結jie構gou上shang的de差cha距ju。所suo以yi一yi般ban采cai用yong防fang護hu軸zhou承cheng，可ke以yi在zai密mi封feng圈quan安an裝zhuang部bu位wei噴pen塗tu耐nai腐fu蝕shi材cai料liao來lai防fang止zhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，喜德機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就喜德機械密封摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)而(er)言(yan)，它(ta)們(men)經(jing)常(chang)受(shou)到(dao)電(dian)化(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)損(sun)害(hai)，因(yin)為(wei)摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)中(zhong)通(tong)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)。當(dang)它(ta)們(men)處(chu)於(yu)電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)時(shi)，不(bu)同(tong)材(cai)料(liao)接(jie)觸(chu)時(shi)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)點(dian)耦(ou)合(he)效(xiao)應(ying)，即(ji)一(yi)種(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)得(de)到(dao)促(cu)進(jin)，另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)得(de)到(dao)抑(yi)製(zhi)。例(li)如(ru)，當(dang)銅(tong)和(he)鎳(nie)鉻(ge)鋼(gang)用(yong)於(yu)氧(yang)化(hua)介(jie)質(zhi)時(shi)，鎳(nie)鎘(ge)鋼(gang)被(bei)電(dian)離(li)和(he)分(fen)解(jie)。鹽(yan)水(shui)、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
