發布時間：2026-04-25 04:21:39 人氣：305477 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang，zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong，zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi，yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu，zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi，youyuyouliguidefushi，fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)件(jian)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)有(you)很(hen)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)。由(you)於(yu)密(mi)封(feng)比(bi)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)更(geng)小(xiao)，精(jing)度(du)更(geng)高(gao)，所(suo)以(yi)通(tong)常(chang)選(xuan)擇(ze)比(bi)主(zhu)機(ji)密(mi)封(feng)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)。對(dui)於(yu)與(yu)介(jie)質(zhi)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)件(jian)，可(ke)參(can)考(kao)相(xiang)關(guan)腐(fu)蝕(shi)手(shou)冊(ce)中(zhong)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)適(shi)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)。然(ran)而(er)，這(zhe)些(xie)數(shu)據(ju)可(ke)能(neng)與(yu)衛濱機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
zaichuliqiangfushixingliutishi，caiyongwaimifenghuoshuangduanmifengkeyizuidaxiandudijianshaofushiduimifengdeyingxiang，yinweitayugongyiliutijiechudelingjianshuliangzuishao。zheyeshizaiqiangfushitiaojianxiaxuanzemifengjiegouzuigulaodeyaolizhiyi。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)等(deng)。容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。在(zai)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)腐(fu)蝕(shi)槽(cao)，然(ran)後(hou)繼(ji)續(xu)局(ju)部(bu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，最(zui)後(hou)在(zai)應(ying)力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)從(cong)槽(cao)底(di)產(chan)生(sheng)裂(lie)紋(wen)。典(dian)型(xing)的(de)例(li)子(zi)是(shi)104型衛濱機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Tizhicheng。zaianshuibengzhongshiyongshi，chuandongtaotongdechuandongerhuanzuirongyichanshengyinglifushiliewen，congersunhuaierhuan。suoyibaaoerdinghuanchengshixinerpiankeyifangzhizhezhongyinglifushi。
3.介jie質zhi腐fu蝕shi。密mi封feng件jian和he流liu體ti之zhi間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong導dao致zhi接jie觸chu表biao麵mian上shang的de微wei小xiao不bu均jun勻yun。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi，會hui加jia速su密mi封feng接jie觸chu麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying，有you時shi有you益yi，有you時shi有you害hai。如ru果guo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai，就jiu會hui發fa生sheng腐fu蝕shi。磨mo損sun和he磨mo蝕shi交jiao替ti作zuo用yong對dui材cai料liao造zao成cheng的de損sun傷shang稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang，磨mo損sun對dui衛濱機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、環huan座zuo等deng。並bing不bu能neng迅xun速su反fan映ying密mi封feng性xing能neng的de變bian化hua，但dan卻que是shi摩mo擦ca副fu失shi效xiao的de主zhu要yao形xing式shi之zhi一yi。因yin此ci，在zai腔qiang體ti的de腐fu蝕shi介jie質zhi中zhong，摩mo擦ca副fu應ying由you耐nai腐fu蝕shi性xing好hao的de材cai料liao製zhi成cheng。例li如ru，使shi用yong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。當(dang)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)或(huo)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)構(gou)件(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)，且(qie)存(cun)在(zai)小(xiao)間(jian)隙(xi)時(shi)，由(you)於(yu)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)停(ting)滯(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，間(jian)隙(xi)內(nei)金(jin)屬(shu)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)會(hui)加(jia)速(su)，這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。例(li)如(ru)衛濱機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)就jiu是shi典dian型xing的de例li子zi。原yuan因yin是shi接jie頭tou內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai，使shi得de參can與yu腐fu蝕shi反fan應ying的de物wu質zhi難nan以yi加jia入ru接jie頭tou內nei，接jie頭tou內nei的de腐fu蝕shi產chan物wu難nan以yi向xiang外wai擴kuo散san。隨sui著zhe腐fu蝕shi的de進jin行xing，接jie頭tou中zhong的de介jie質zhi在zai成cheng分fen濃nong度du和hePHzhishangyuzhenggejiezhiyuelaiyuebutong，daozhijietouzhongjinshubiaomiandefushijiaju。jianxifushiduimifengxingnengfeichangyouhai。mifengquanyushuangzhouzhijiandeaocaohuidaozhibuchanghuanwufazhouxiangweiyi，shiqusuidongxing，daozhiduanmianfenlihexielou。jianxifushitongchangkeyitongguoshidangdecailiaoxuanzehehelidejiegoushejilaihuanjie。biruxuanzekangjianxifushixingnenghaodecailiao；在zai結jie構gou設she計ji中zhong，應ying盡jin可ke能neng避bi免mian液ye體ti積ji聚ju的de間jian隙xi和he死si區qu。采cai用yong自zi衝chong洗xi循xun環huan，使shi密mi封feng腔qiang內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu不bu斷duan更geng換huan和he流liu動dong的de狀zhuang態tai，防fang止zhi介jie質zhi成cheng分fen的de濃nong度du變bian化hua；對dui於yu長chang期qi停ting用yong的de泵beng，應ying及ji時shi排pai出chu積ji聚ju的de液ye體ti等deng。不bu可ke能neng完wan全quan消xiao除chu結jie構gou上shang的de差cha距ju。所suo以yi一yi般ban采cai用yong防fang護hu軸zhou承cheng，可ke以yi在zai密mi封feng圈quan安an裝zhuang部bu位wei噴pen塗tu耐nai腐fu蝕shi材cai料liao來lai防fang止zhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，衛濱機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就衛濱機械密封mocafueryan，tamenjingchangshoudaodianhuaxuefushidesunhai，yinweimocafuzhongtongchangshiyongbutongdecailiao。dangtamenchuyudianjiezhirongyezhongshi，butongcailiaojiechushihuichuxiandianouhexiaoying，jiyizhongcailiaodefushidedaocujin，lingyizhongcailiaodefushidedaoyizhi。liru，dangtongheniegegangyongyuyanghuajiezhishi，niegegangbeidianlihefenjie。yanshui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
