發布時間:2026-04-14 21:31:44 人氣:300251 來源:川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕,即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕,其特點是零件重量減輕,甚至完全腐蝕;失去力量;降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang,zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong,zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi,yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu,zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi,youyuyouliguidefushi,fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng件jian的de性xing能neng有you很hen大da影ying響xiang。由you於yu密mi封feng比bi主zhu機ji的de零ling件jian更geng小xiao,精jing度du更geng高gao,所suo以yi通tong常chang選xuan擇ze比bi主zhu機ji密mi封feng耐nai腐fu蝕shi的de材cai料liao。對dui於yu與yu介jie質zhi直zhi接jie接jie觸chu的de密mi封feng件jian,可ke參can考kao相xiang關guan腐fu蝕shi手shou冊ce中zhong的de數shu據ju選xuan擇ze合he適shi的de材cai料liao。然ran而er,這zhe些xie數shu據ju可ke能neng與yu石龍機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致,因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據,並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明,壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高,密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在(zai)處(chu)理(li)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)流(liu)體(ti)時(shi),采(cai)用(yong)外(wai)密(mi)封(feng)或(huo)雙(shuang)端(duan)密(mi)封(feng)可(ke)以(yi)最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度(du)地(di)減(jian)少(shao)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)與(yu)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)體(ti)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)數(shu)量(liang)最(zui)少(shao)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)在(zai)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)選(xuan)擇(ze)密(mi)封(feng)結(jie)構(gou)最(zui)古(gu)老(lao)的(de)窯(yao)理(li)之(zhi)一(yi)。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力,都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、tonghejindeng。rongyichanshengyinglifushi。zaiyinglifushiguochengzhong,yibanzaijinshubiaomianxingchengxuanzexingfushicao,ranhoujixujubufushi,zuihouzaiyinglizuoyongxiacongcaodichanshengliewen。dianxingdelizishi104型石龍機械密封的傳動套筒,由1Cr18Ni9Ti製zhi成cheng。在zai氨an水shui泵beng中zhong使shi用yong時shi,傳chuan動dong套tao筒tong的de傳chuan動dong耳er環huan最zui容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi裂lie紋wen,從cong而er損sun壞huai耳er環huan。所suo以yi把ba凹ao耳er釘ding換huan成cheng實shi心xin耳er片pian可ke以yi防fang止zhi這zhe種zhong應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。
3.jiezhifushi。mifengjianheliutizhijiandegaosuyundongdaozhijiechubiaomianshangdeweixiaobujunyun。dangliutiweifushixingjiezhishi,huijiasumifengjiechumiandehuaxuefanying,youshiyouyi,youshiyouhai。ruguoxingchengdeyanghuacengbeipohuai,jiuhuifashengfushi。mosunhemoshijiaotizuoyongduicailiaozaochengdesunshangchengweimoshi。tongchang,mosundui石龍機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞,如彈簧座、推環、huanzuodeng。bingbunengxunsufanyingmifengxingnengdebianhua,danqueshimocafushixiaodezhuyaoxingshizhiyi。yinci,zaiqiangtidefushijiezhizhong,mocafuyingyounaifushixinghaodecailiaozhicheng。liru,shiyong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.jianxifushi。dangjiezhichuyujinshuyujinshuhuofeijinshugoujianzhijian,qiecunzaixiaojianxishi,youyujiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai,jianxineijinshudefushihuijiasu,zhezhongxianxiangchengweijianxifushi。liru石龍機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點,補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)就(jiu)是(shi)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)例(li)子(zi)。原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)接(jie)頭(tou)內(nei)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)停(ting)滯(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai),使(shi)得(de)參(can)與(yu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)反(fan)應(ying)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)難(nan)以(yi)加(jia)入(ru)接(jie)頭(tou)內(nei),接(jie)頭(tou)內(nei)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)產(chan)物(wu)難(nan)以(yi)向(xiang)外(wai)擴(kuo)散(san)。隨(sui)著(zhe)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)進(jin)行(xing),接(jie)頭(tou)中(zhong)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)在(zai)成(cheng)分(fen)濃(nong)度(du)和(he)PH值(zhi)上(shang)與(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)介(jie)質(zhi)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)不(bu)同(tong),導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)頭(tou)中(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)加(jia)劇(ju)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng)非(fei)常(chang)有(you)害(hai)。密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)與(yu)雙(shuang)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)凹(ao)槽(cao)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)補(bu)償(chang)環(huan)無(wu)法(fa)軸(zhou)向(xiang)位(wei)移(yi),失(shi)去(qu)隨(sui)動(dong)性(xing),導(dao)致(zhi)端(duan)麵(mian)分(fen)離(li)和(he)泄(xie)漏(lou)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)合(he)理(li)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)來(lai)緩(huan)解(jie)。比(bi)如(ru)選(xuan)擇(ze)抗(kang)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao);在zai結jie構gou設she計ji中zhong,應ying盡jin可ke能neng避bi免mian液ye體ti積ji聚ju的de間jian隙xi和he死si區qu。采cai用yong自zi衝chong洗xi循xun環huan,使shi密mi封feng腔qiang內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu不bu斷duan更geng換huan和he流liu動dong的de狀zhuang態tai,防fang止zhi介jie質zhi成cheng分fen的de濃nong度du變bian化hua;對(dui)於(yu)長(chang)期(qi)停(ting)用(yong)的(de)泵(beng),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)排(pai)出(chu)積(ji)聚(ju)的(de)液(ye)體(ti)等(deng)。不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)消(xiao)除(chu)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)的(de)差(cha)距(ju)。所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)防(fang)護(hu)軸(zhou)承(cheng),可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)安(an)裝(zhuang)部(bu)位(wei)噴(pen)塗(tu)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)材(cai)料(liao)來(lai)防(fang)止(zhi)。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上,石龍機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就石龍機械密封摩mo擦ca副fu而er言yan,它ta們men經jing常chang受shou到dao電dian化hua學xue腐fu蝕shi的de損sun害hai,因yin為wei摩mo擦ca副fu中zhong通tong常chang使shi用yong不bu同tong的de材cai料liao。當dang它ta們men處chu於yu電dian解jie質zhi溶rong液ye中zhong時shi,不bu同tong材cai料liao接jie觸chu時shi會hui出chu現xian點dian耦ou合he效xiao應ying,即ji一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao促cu進jin,另ling一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao抑yi製zhi。例li如ru,當dang銅tong和he鎳nie鉻ge鋼gang用yong於yu氧yang化hua介jie質zhi時shi,鎳nie鎘ge鋼gang被bei電dian離li和he分fen解jie。鹽yan水shui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液,密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷,以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。