發布時間：2026-04-14 21:28:55 人氣：300210 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Ti不bu鏽xiu鋼gang製zhi成cheng的de多duo彈dan簧huang，在zai稀xi硫liu酸suan中zhong使shi用yong會hui出chu現xian這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang。局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi可ke以yi簡jian單dan地di通tong過guo零ling件jian上shang的de腐fu蝕shi點dian和he孔kong來lai識shi別bie。局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi是shi多duo相xiang合he金jin中zhong的de某mou一yi相xiang或huo單dan相xiang固gu溶rong體ti中zhong的de某mou一yi元yuan素su被bei介jie質zhi選xuan擇ze性xing溶rong解jie的de腐fu蝕shi形xing式shi。如ru鈷gu基ji硬ying質zhi合he金jin在zai高gao溫wen強qiang堿jian條tiao件jian下xia使shi用yong，粘zhan結jie相xiang金jin屬shu鈷gu容rong易yi被bei腐fu蝕shi，硬ying質zhi相xiang碳tan化hua鎢wu骨gu架jia失shi去qu強qiang度du，在zai機ji械xie力li的de作zuo用yong下xia導dao致zhi晶jing粒li剝bo落luo。作zuo為wei另ling一yi個ge例li子zi，由you於yu遊you離li矽gui的de腐fu蝕shi，反fan應ying燒shao結jie碳tan化hua矽gui的de表biao麵mian顯xian示shi麻ma點dian(PH>10時).
fushiduimifengjiandexingnengyouhendayingxiang。youyumifengbizhujidelingjiangengxiao，jingdugenggao，suoyitongchangxuanzebizhujimifengnaifushidecailiao。duiyuyujiezhizhijiejiechudemifengjian，kecankaoxiangguanfushishoucezhongdeshujuxuanzeheshidecailiao。raner，zhexieshujukenengyu橋西機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在zai處chu理li強qiang腐fu蝕shi性xing流liu體ti時shi，采cai用yong外wai密mi封feng或huo雙shuang端duan密mi封feng可ke以yi最zui大da限xian度du地di減jian少shao腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng的de影ying響xiang，因yin為wei它ta與yu工gong藝yi流liu體ti接jie觸chu的de零ling件jian數shu量liang最zui少shao。這zhe也ye是shi在zai強qiang腐fu蝕shi條tiao件jian下xia選xuan擇ze密mi封feng結jie構gou最zui古gu老lao的de窯yao理li之zhi一yi。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、銅tong合he金jin等deng。容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。在zai應ying力li腐fu蝕shi過guo程cheng中zhong，一yi般ban在zai金jin屬shu表biao麵mian形xing成cheng選xuan擇ze性xing腐fu蝕shi槽cao，然ran後hou繼ji續xu局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi，最zui後hou在zai應ying力li作zuo用yong下xia從cong槽cao底di產chan生sheng裂lie紋wen。典dian型xing的de例li子zi是shi104型橋西機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Tizhicheng。zaianshuibengzhongshiyongshi，chuandongtaotongdechuandongerhuanzuirongyichanshengyinglifushiliewen，congersunhuaierhuan。suoyibaaoerdinghuanchengshixinerpiankeyifangzhizhezhongyinglifushi。
3.介jie質zhi腐fu蝕shi。密mi封feng件jian和he流liu體ti之zhi間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong導dao致zhi接jie觸chu表biao麵mian上shang的de微wei小xiao不bu均jun勻yun。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi，會hui加jia速su密mi封feng接jie觸chu麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying，有you時shi有you益yi，有you時shi有you害hai。如ru果guo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai，就jiu會hui發fa生sheng腐fu蝕shi。磨mo損sun和he磨mo蝕shi交jiao替ti作zuo用yong對dui材cai料liao造zao成cheng的de損sun傷shang稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang，磨mo損sun對dui橋西機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、huanzuodeng。bingbunengxunsufanyingmifengxingnengdebianhua，danqueshimocafushixiaodezhuyaoxingshizhiyi。yinci，zaiqiangtidefushijiezhizhong，mocafuyingyounaifushixinghaodecailiaozhicheng。liru，shiyong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi。當dang介jie質zhi處chu於yu金jin屬shu與yu金jin屬shu或huo非fei金jin屬shu構gou件jian之zhi間jian，且qie存cun在zai小xiao間jian隙xi時shi，由you於yu介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai，間jian隙xi內nei金jin屬shu的de腐fu蝕shi會hui加jia速su，這zhe種zhong現xian象xiang稱cheng為wei間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi。例li如ru橋西機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)jiushidianxingdelizi。yuanyinshijietouneidejiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai，shidecanyufushifanyingdewuzhinanyijiarujietounei，jietouneidefushichanwunanyixiangwaikuosan。suizhefushidejinxing，jietouzhongdejiezhizaichengfennongduhePH值(zhi)上(shang)與(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)介(jie)質(zhi)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)不(bu)同(tong)，導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)頭(tou)中(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)加(jia)劇(ju)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng)非(fei)常(chang)有(you)害(hai)。密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)與(yu)雙(shuang)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)凹(ao)槽(cao)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)補(bu)償(chang)環(huan)無(wu)法(fa)軸(zhou)向(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)，失(shi)去(qu)隨(sui)動(dong)性(xing)，導(dao)致(zhi)端(duan)麵(mian)分(fen)離(li)和(he)泄(xie)漏(lou)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)合(he)理(li)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)來(lai)緩(huan)解(jie)。比(bi)如(ru)選(xuan)擇(ze)抗(kang)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)；在zai結jie構gou設she計ji中zhong，應ying盡jin可ke能neng避bi免mian液ye體ti積ji聚ju的de間jian隙xi和he死si區qu。采cai用yong自zi衝chong洗xi循xun環huan，使shi密mi封feng腔qiang內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu不bu斷duan更geng換huan和he流liu動dong的de狀zhuang態tai，防fang止zhi介jie質zhi成cheng分fen的de濃nong度du變bian化hua；對dui於yu長chang期qi停ting用yong的de泵beng，應ying及ji時shi排pai出chu積ji聚ju的de液ye體ti等deng。不bu可ke能neng完wan全quan消xiao除chu結jie構gou上shang的de差cha距ju。所suo以yi一yi般ban采cai用yong防fang護hu軸zhou承cheng，可ke以yi在zai密mi封feng圈quan安an裝zhuang部bu位wei噴pen塗tu耐nai腐fu蝕shi材cai料liao來lai防fang止zhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，橋西機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就橋西機械密封mocafueryan，tamenjingchangshoudaodianhuaxuefushidesunhai，yinweimocafuzhongtongchangshiyongbutongdecailiao。dangtamenchuyudianjiezhirongyezhongshi，butongcailiaojiechushihuichuxiandianouhexiaoying，jiyizhongcailiaodefushidedaocujin，lingyizhongcailiaodefushidedaoyizhi。liru，dangtongheniegegangyongyuyanghuajiezhishi，niegegangbeidianlihefenjie。yanshui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
