發布時間：2026-04-22 14:16:09 人氣：304045 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang，zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong，zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi，yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu，zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi，youyuyouliguidefushi，fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng件jian的de性xing能neng有you很hen大da影ying響xiang。由you於yu密mi封feng比bi主zhu機ji的de零ling件jian更geng小xiao，精jing度du更geng高gao，所suo以yi通tong常chang選xuan擇ze比bi主zhu機ji密mi封feng耐nai腐fu蝕shi的de材cai料liao。對dui於yu與yu介jie質zhi直zhi接jie接jie觸chu的de密mi封feng件jian，可ke參can考kao相xiang關guan腐fu蝕shi手shou冊ce中zhong的de數shu據ju選xuan擇ze合he適shi的de材cai料liao。然ran而er，這zhe些xie數shu據ju可ke能neng與yu龍沙機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
zaichuliqiangfushixingliutishi，caiyongwaimifenghuoshuangduanmifengkeyizuidaxiandudijianshaofushiduimifengdeyingxiang，yinweitayugongyiliutijiechudelingjianshuliangzuishao。zheyeshizaiqiangfushitiaojianxiaxuanzemifengjiegouzuigulaodeyaolizhiyi。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)等(deng)。容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。在(zai)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)腐(fu)蝕(shi)槽(cao)，然(ran)後(hou)繼(ji)續(xu)局(ju)部(bu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，最(zui)後(hou)在(zai)應(ying)力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)從(cong)槽(cao)底(di)產(chan)生(sheng)裂(lie)紋(wen)。典(dian)型(xing)的(de)例(li)子(zi)是(shi)104型龍沙機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Ti製(zhi)成(cheng)。在(zai)氨(an)水(shui)泵(beng)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，傳(chuan)動(dong)套(tao)筒(tong)的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)耳(er)環(huan)最(zui)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)裂(lie)紋(wen)，從(cong)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)耳(er)環(huan)。所(suo)以(yi)把(ba)凹(ao)耳(er)釘(ding)換(huan)成(cheng)實(shi)心(xin)耳(er)片(pian)可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)這(zhe)種(zhong)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。
3.介(jie)質(zhi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。密(mi)封(feng)件(jian)和(he)流(liu)體(ti)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)高(gao)速(su)運(yun)動(dong)導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)觸(chu)表(biao)麵(mian)上(shang)的(de)微(wei)小(xiao)不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)。當(dang)流(liu)體(ti)為(wei)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)時(shi)，會(hui)加(jia)速(su)密(mi)封(feng)接(jie)觸(chu)麵(mian)的(de)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)，有(you)時(shi)有(you)益(yi)，有(you)時(shi)有(you)害(hai)。如(ru)果(guo)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)層(ceng)被(bei)破(po)壞(huai)，就(jiu)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。磨(mo)損(sun)和(he)磨(mo)蝕(shi)交(jiao)替(ti)作(zuo)用(yong)對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)損(sun)傷(shang)稱(cheng)為(wei)磨(mo)蝕(shi)。通(tong)常(chang)，磨(mo)損(sun)對(dui)龍沙機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、環(huan)座(zuo)等(deng)。並(bing)不(bu)能(neng)迅(xun)速(su)反(fan)映(ying)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，但(dan)卻(que)是(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)形(xing)式(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)。因(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)腔(qiang)體(ti)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)介(jie)質(zhi)中(zhong)，摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)應(ying)由(you)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)好(hao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)製(zhi)成(cheng)。例(li)如(ru)，使(shi)用(yong)99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.jianxifushi。dangjiezhichuyujinshuyujinshuhuofeijinshugoujianzhijian，qiecunzaixiaojianxishi，youyujiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai，jianxineijinshudefushihuijiasu，zhezhongxianxiangchengweijianxifushi。liru龍沙機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)就jiu是shi典dian型xing的de例li子zi。原yuan因yin是shi接jie頭tou內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai，使shi得de參can與yu腐fu蝕shi反fan應ying的de物wu質zhi難nan以yi加jia入ru接jie頭tou內nei，接jie頭tou內nei的de腐fu蝕shi產chan物wu難nan以yi向xiang外wai擴kuo散san。隨sui著zhe腐fu蝕shi的de進jin行xing，接jie頭tou中zhong的de介jie質zhi在zai成cheng分fen濃nong度du和hePHzhishangyuzhenggejiezhiyuelaiyuebutong，daozhijietouzhongjinshubiaomiandefushijiaju。jianxifushiduimifengxingnengfeichangyouhai。mifengquanyushuangzhouzhijiandeaocaohuidaozhibuchanghuanwufazhouxiangweiyi，shiqusuidongxing，daozhiduanmianfenlihexielou。jianxifushitongchangkeyitongguoshidangdecailiaoxuanzehehelidejiegoushejilaihuanjie。biruxuanzekangjianxifushixingnenghaodecailiao；在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)，應(ying)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)避(bi)免(mian)液(ye)體(ti)積(ji)聚(ju)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)和(he)死(si)區(qu)。采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)衝(chong)洗(xi)循(xun)環(huan)，使(shi)密(mi)封(feng)腔(qiang)內(nei)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)不(bu)斷(duan)更(geng)換(huan)和(he)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，防(fang)止(zhi)介(jie)質(zhi)成(cheng)分(fen)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)變(bian)化(hua)；對dui於yu長chang期qi停ting用yong的de泵beng，應ying及ji時shi排pai出chu積ji聚ju的de液ye體ti等deng。不bu可ke能neng完wan全quan消xiao除chu結jie構gou上shang的de差cha距ju。所suo以yi一yi般ban采cai用yong防fang護hu軸zhou承cheng，可ke以yi在zai密mi封feng圈quan安an裝zhuang部bu位wei噴pen塗tu耐nai腐fu蝕shi材cai料liao來lai防fang止zhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，龍沙機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就龍沙機械密封mocafueryan，tamenjingchangshoudaodianhuaxuefushidesunhai，yinweimocafuzhongtongchangshiyongbutongdecailiao。dangtamenchuyudianjiezhirongyezhongshi，butongcailiaojiechushihuichuxiandianouhexiaoying，jiyizhongcailiaodefushidedaocujin，lingyizhongcailiaodefushidedaoyizhi。liru，dangtongheniegegangyongyuyanghuajiezhishi，niegegangbeidianlihefenjie。yanshui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
