發布時間：2026-04-25 06:37:54 人氣：228477 來源：
腐蝕對密封件的性能影響很大。由於密封件比主機的零件小，而且更精密，通常要選用比主機封耐腐蝕的材料。
類型1.全麵腐蝕與局部腐蝕。
全麵腐蝕，即零件接觸介質的表麵產生均勻腐蝕，其特征是零件的重量減輕，甚至會全部被腐蝕;失去強度;減低硬度。如用1Cr18Ni9Ti不鏽鋼製作的多彈簧，用於稀硫酸時就會出現這種情況。局部腐蝕，可以簡單地用零件上的蝕斑、shikonglaipanming。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtidemouyiyuansu，beijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingtai。liru，gujiyingzhihejinyongyugaowenqiangjianzhongshi，zhanjiexiangjinshuguyibeifushi，yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu，zaijixielidezuoyongxiachanshengjingliboluo。youru，fanyingshaojietanhuagui，yinyouliguibeifushierbiaomianchengxianmadian(PH>10時)。
處chu理li強qiang腐fu蝕shi流liu體ti時shi，采cai用yong外wai裝zhuang式shi或huo雙shuang端duan麵mian密mi封feng，可ke以yi最zui大da限xian度du減jian輕qing腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng件jian的de影ying響xiang，因yin為wei它ta與yu工gong藝yi流liu體ti相xiang接jie觸chu的de零ling件jian數shu最zui少shao。這zhe也ye是shi在zai強qiang腐fu蝕shi條tiao件jian下xia，選xuan擇ze密mi封feng結jie構gou的de一yi條tiao最zui中zhong古gu窯yao的de原yuan則ze。
類型2.應力腐蝕。
應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)是(shi)金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)承(cheng)受(shou)應(ying)力(li)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)處(chu)於(yu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)現(xian)象(xiang)。不(bu)論(lun)是(shi)外(wai)部(bu)載(zai)荷(he)或(huo)殘(can)餘(yu)應(ying)力(li)，腐(fu)蝕(shi)都(dou)會(hui)加(jia)劇(ju)。容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)不(bu)鏽(xiu)鋼(gang)、銅tong合he金jin等deng。應ying力li腐fu蝕shi的de過guo程cheng一yi般ban是shi在zai金jin屬shu表biao麵mian上shang形xing成cheng選xuan擇ze性xing的de腐fu蝕shi溝gou槽cao，再zai繼ji續xu產chan生sheng局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi，最zui後hou在zai應ying力li的de作zuo用yong下xia，從cong溝gou槽cao底di部bu產chan生sheng裂lie紋wen。典dian型xing的de實shi例li是shi104型樂昌機械密封的傳動套，它的材料為1Cr18Ni9Ti，當(dang)用(yong)於(yu)氨(an)水(shui)泵(beng)上(shang)時(shi)，傳(chuan)動(dong)套(tao)的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)耳(er)環(huan)最(zui)容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)裂(lie)紋(wen)，使(shi)耳(er)環(huan)損(sun)壞(huai)。為(wei)此(ci)，將(jiang)其(qi)凹(ao)形(xing)耳(er)環(huan)改(gai)為(wei)實(shi)心(xin)凸(tu)耳(er)，即(ji)可(ke)防(fang)止(zhi)產(chan)生(sheng)這(zhe)種(zhong)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。
類型3.介質腐蝕。
mifengjianyuliutijiandegaosuyundong，zhishijiechumianshangfashengweiguanaotubuping。dangliutiweifushixingjiezhishi，jiangjiakuaimifengjiechubiaomiandehuaxuefanying，zhezhongfanyingyoushishiyoulide，youshishiyouhaide。ruguosuoxingchengdeyanghuacengbeipohuai，jichuxianfushi。youmosunyumoshidejiaotizuoyongerzaochengcailiaodepohuaichengweimoshi。tongchangmoshidui樂昌機械密封的非主要元件如彈簧座、推環、環huan座zuo等deng所suo帶dai來lai的de危wei害hai還hai不bu致zhi迅xun速su地di反fan應ying出chu密mi封feng性xing能neng的de變bian化hua，但dan卻que是shi摩mo擦ca副fu失shi效xiao的de主zhu要yao形xing態tai之zhi一yi。為wei此ci，在zai腔qiang腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi中zhong，摩mo擦ca副fu應ying采cai用yong耐nai腐fu蝕shi性xing能neng好hao的de材cai料liao。如ru采cai用yong99.5%的高純氧化鋁陶瓷，或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽等。
類型4.間隙腐蝕。
dangjiezhichuyujinshuyujinshuhuifeijinshuyuanjianzhijian，cunzaihenxiaodefengxishi，youyujiezhichengzhiliuzhuangtai，huiyinqifengxineijinshudefushijiasu，zhezhongfushixingtaichengweijianxifushi。liru樂昌機械密封彈簧座與軸之間，補償環輔助密封圈與軸之間(當然此處還存在微動磨損)chuxiandegoucaohuoshidianjishidianxingdelizi。jiuqiyuanyin，shiyouyufengneijiezhichuyuzhiliuzhuangtai，shidecanjiafushifanyingdewuzhinanyixiangfengneibuchong，erfengneidefushichanwuyounanyixiangwaikuosan，yushizaochengfengneijiezhisuizhefushidejinxing，zaizuchengdenongdu、PH值等方麵愈來愈和整體介質產生很大差異，結果便導致縫內金屬表麵的腐蝕加劇。
間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)很(hen)大(da)，密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)與(yu)對(dui)偶(ou)軸(zhou)處(chu)產(chan)生(sheng)溝(gou)槽(cao)，將(jiang)導(dao)致(zhi)補(bu)償(chang)環(huan)不(bu)能(neng)作(zuo)軸(zhou)向(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)，失(shi)去(qu)追(zhui)隨(sui)性(xing)使(shi)端(duan)麵(mian)分(fen)離(li)而(er)泄(xie)漏(lou)。對(dui)於(yu)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)正(zheng)確(que)選(xuan)材(cai)和(he)合(he)理(li)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)予(yu)以(yi)減(jian)輕(qing)。如(ru)選(xuan)用(yong)具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)抗(kang)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)材(cai)料(liao);在結構設計上應盡可能避免形成縫隙和積液死區;采用自衝洗方式進行循環，使密封腔內的介質處於不斷更換和流動狀態，防止介質組分的濃度變化;changqitingyongdejibeng，yingjiangjiyejishipaikongdengdeng，zaijiegoushangyaowanquanxiaochujianxishibukenengde，yinci，yibancaiyongbaohuxingdezhoucheng，zaiqimifengquananzhuangbuweikepentunaifushicailiaojiayifangzhi。
類型5.電化學腐蝕。
實際上，樂昌機械密封的各種腐蝕形態，或多或少都銅電化學腐蝕有關。就樂昌機械密封mocafueryan，changchanghuishoudaodianhuaxuefushideweihai，yinweimocafuzuduichangyongbutongzhongcailiao，dangtamenchuyudianjiezhirongyezhong，youyucailiaoguyoudefushidianweibutong，jiechushijiuhuichuchuxianbutongcailiaozhijiandedianouxiaoying，jiyizhongcailiaodefushihuishoudaocujin，lingyizhongcailiaodefushihuishoudaoyizhi。lirutongyuniegegangzudui，yongyuyanghuaxingjiezhizhongshi，niegegangfashengdianlifenjie。yanshui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等都是典型電解質溶液，密封件易於產生電化學腐蝕，因而最好是選擇電位相近的材料或陶瓷與填充玻璃纖維聚四氟乙烯組對。
