發布時間:2026-04-21 16:56:56 人氣:303664 來源:川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕,即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕,其特點是零件重量減輕,甚至完全腐蝕;失去力量;降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang,zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong,zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi,yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu,zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi,youyuyouliguidefushi,fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
fushiduimifengjiandexingnengyouhendayingxiang。youyumifengbizhujidelingjiangengxiao,jingdugenggao,suoyitongchangxuanzebizhujimifengnaifushidecailiao。duiyuyujiezhizhijiejiechudemifengjian,kecankaoxiangguanfushishoucezhongdeshujuxuanzeheshidecailiao。raner,zhexieshujukenengyu金平機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致,因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據,並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明,壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高,密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在(zai)處(chu)理(li)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)流(liu)體(ti)時(shi),采(cai)用(yong)外(wai)密(mi)封(feng)或(huo)雙(shuang)端(duan)密(mi)封(feng)可(ke)以(yi)最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度(du)地(di)減(jian)少(shao)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)與(yu)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)體(ti)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)數(shu)量(liang)最(zui)少(shao)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)在(zai)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)選(xuan)擇(ze)密(mi)封(feng)結(jie)構(gou)最(zui)古(gu)老(lao)的(de)窯(yao)理(li)之(zhi)一(yi)。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力,都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、tonghejindeng。rongyichanshengyinglifushi。zaiyinglifushiguochengzhong,yibanzaijinshubiaomianxingchengxuanzexingfushicao,ranhoujixujubufushi,zuihouzaiyinglizuoyongxiacongcaodichanshengliewen。dianxingdelizishi104型金平機械密封的傳動套筒,由1Cr18Ni9Ti製zhi成cheng。在zai氨an水shui泵beng中zhong使shi用yong時shi,傳chuan動dong套tao筒tong的de傳chuan動dong耳er環huan最zui容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi裂lie紋wen,從cong而er損sun壞huai耳er環huan。所suo以yi把ba凹ao耳er釘ding換huan成cheng實shi心xin耳er片pian可ke以yi防fang止zhi這zhe種zhong應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。
3.jiezhifushi。mifengjianheliutizhijiandegaosuyundongdaozhijiechubiaomianshangdeweixiaobujunyun。dangliutiweifushixingjiezhishi,huijiasumifengjiechumiandehuaxuefanying,youshiyouyi,youshiyouhai。ruguoxingchengdeyanghuacengbeipohuai,jiuhuifashengfushi。mosunhemoshijiaotizuoyongduicailiaozaochengdesunshangchengweimoshi。tongchang,mosundui金平機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞,如彈簧座、推環、環huan座zuo等deng。並bing不bu能neng迅xun速su反fan映ying密mi封feng性xing能neng的de變bian化hua,但dan卻que是shi摩mo擦ca副fu失shi效xiao的de主zhu要yao形xing式shi之zhi一yi。因yin此ci,在zai腔qiang體ti的de腐fu蝕shi介jie質zhi中zhong,摩mo擦ca副fu應ying由you耐nai腐fu蝕shi性xing好hao的de材cai料liao製zhi成cheng。例li如ru,使shi用yong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.jianxifushi。dangjiezhichuyujinshuyujinshuhuofeijinshugoujianzhijian,qiecunzaixiaojianxishi,youyujiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai,jianxineijinshudefushihuijiasu,zhezhongxianxiangchengweijianxifushi。liru金平機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點,補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)就jiu是shi典dian型xing的de例li子zi。原yuan因yin是shi接jie頭tou內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai,使shi得de參can與yu腐fu蝕shi反fan應ying的de物wu質zhi難nan以yi加jia入ru接jie頭tou內nei,接jie頭tou內nei的de腐fu蝕shi產chan物wu難nan以yi向xiang外wai擴kuo散san。隨sui著zhe腐fu蝕shi的de進jin行xing,接jie頭tou中zhong的de介jie質zhi在zai成cheng分fen濃nong度du和hePHzhishangyuzhenggejiezhiyuelaiyuebutong,daozhijietouzhongjinshubiaomiandefushijiaju。jianxifushiduimifengxingnengfeichangyouhai。mifengquanyushuangzhouzhijiandeaocaohuidaozhibuchanghuanwufazhouxiangweiyi,shiqusuidongxing,daozhiduanmianfenlihexielou。jianxifushitongchangkeyitongguoshidangdecailiaoxuanzehehelidejiegoushejilaihuanjie。biruxuanzekangjianxifushixingnenghaodecailiao;zaijiegoushejizhong,yingjinkenengbimianyetijijudejianxihesiqu。caiyongzichongxixunhuan,shimifengqiangneidejiezhichuyubuduangenghuanheliudongdezhuangtai,fangzhijiezhichengfendenongdubianhua;對dui於yu長chang期qi停ting用yong的de泵beng,應ying及ji時shi排pai出chu積ji聚ju的de液ye體ti等deng。不bu可ke能neng完wan全quan消xiao除chu結jie構gou上shang的de差cha距ju。所suo以yi一yi般ban采cai用yong防fang護hu軸zhou承cheng,可ke以yi在zai密mi封feng圈quan安an裝zhuang部bu位wei噴pen塗tu耐nai腐fu蝕shi材cai料liao來lai防fang止zhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上,金平機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就金平機械密封摩mo擦ca副fu而er言yan,它ta們men經jing常chang受shou到dao電dian化hua學xue腐fu蝕shi的de損sun害hai,因yin為wei摩mo擦ca副fu中zhong通tong常chang使shi用yong不bu同tong的de材cai料liao。當dang它ta們men處chu於yu電dian解jie質zhi溶rong液ye中zhong時shi,不bu同tong材cai料liao接jie觸chu時shi會hui出chu現xian點dian耦ou合he效xiao應ying,即ji一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao促cu進jin,另ling一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao抑yi製zhi。例li如ru,當dang銅tong和he鎳nie鉻ge鋼gang用yong於yu氧yang化hua介jie質zhi時shi,鎳nie鎘ge鋼gang被bei電dian離li和he分fen解jie。鹽yan水shui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液,密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷,以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。