發布時間：2026-04-14 21:29:04 人氣：300221 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Ti不bu鏽xiu鋼gang製zhi成cheng的de多duo彈dan簧huang，在zai稀xi硫liu酸suan中zhong使shi用yong會hui出chu現xian這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang。局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi可ke以yi簡jian單dan地di通tong過guo零ling件jian上shang的de腐fu蝕shi點dian和he孔kong來lai識shi別bie。局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi是shi多duo相xiang合he金jin中zhong的de某mou一yi相xiang或huo單dan相xiang固gu溶rong體ti中zhong的de某mou一yi元yuan素su被bei介jie質zhi選xuan擇ze性xing溶rong解jie的de腐fu蝕shi形xing式shi。如ru鈷gu基ji硬ying質zhi合he金jin在zai高gao溫wen強qiang堿jian條tiao件jian下xia使shi用yong，粘zhan結jie相xiang金jin屬shu鈷gu容rong易yi被bei腐fu蝕shi，硬ying質zhi相xiang碳tan化hua鎢wu骨gu架jia失shi去qu強qiang度du，在zai機ji械xie力li的de作zuo用yong下xia導dao致zhi晶jing粒li剝bo落luo。作zuo為wei另ling一yi個ge例li子zi，由you於yu遊you離li矽gui的de腐fu蝕shi，反fan應ying燒shao結jie碳tan化hua矽gui的de表biao麵mian顯xian示shi麻ma點dian(PH>10時).
腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)件(jian)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)有(you)很(hen)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)。由(you)於(yu)密(mi)封(feng)比(bi)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)更(geng)小(xiao)，精(jing)度(du)更(geng)高(gao)，所(suo)以(yi)通(tong)常(chang)選(xuan)擇(ze)比(bi)主(zhu)機(ji)密(mi)封(feng)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)。對(dui)於(yu)與(yu)介(jie)質(zhi)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)件(jian)，可(ke)參(can)考(kao)相(xiang)關(guan)腐(fu)蝕(shi)手(shou)冊(ce)中(zhong)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)適(shi)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)。然(ran)而(er)，這(zhe)些(xie)數(shu)據(ju)可(ke)能(neng)與(yu)惠安機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在(zai)處(chu)理(li)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)流(liu)體(ti)時(shi)，采(cai)用(yong)外(wai)密(mi)封(feng)或(huo)雙(shuang)端(duan)密(mi)封(feng)可(ke)以(yi)最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度(du)地(di)減(jian)少(shao)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)與(yu)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)體(ti)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)數(shu)量(liang)最(zui)少(shao)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)在(zai)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)選(xuan)擇(ze)密(mi)封(feng)結(jie)構(gou)最(zui)古(gu)老(lao)的(de)窯(yao)理(li)之(zhi)一(yi)。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、銅tong合he金jin等deng。容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。在zai應ying力li腐fu蝕shi過guo程cheng中zhong，一yi般ban在zai金jin屬shu表biao麵mian形xing成cheng選xuan擇ze性xing腐fu蝕shi槽cao，然ran後hou繼ji續xu局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi，最zui後hou在zai應ying力li作zuo用yong下xia從cong槽cao底di產chan生sheng裂lie紋wen。典dian型xing的de例li子zi是shi104型惠安機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Tizhicheng。zaianshuibengzhongshiyongshi，chuandongtaotongdechuandongerhuanzuirongyichanshengyinglifushiliewen，congersunhuaierhuan。suoyibaaoerdinghuanchengshixinerpiankeyifangzhizhezhongyinglifushi。
3.介jie質zhi腐fu蝕shi。密mi封feng件jian和he流liu體ti之zhi間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong導dao致zhi接jie觸chu表biao麵mian上shang的de微wei小xiao不bu均jun勻yun。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi，會hui加jia速su密mi封feng接jie觸chu麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying，有you時shi有you益yi，有you時shi有you害hai。如ru果guo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai，就jiu會hui發fa生sheng腐fu蝕shi。磨mo損sun和he磨mo蝕shi交jiao替ti作zuo用yong對dui材cai料liao造zao成cheng的de損sun傷shang稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang，磨mo損sun對dui惠安機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、huanzuodeng。bingbunengxunsufanyingmifengxingnengdebianhua，danqueshimocafushixiaodezhuyaoxingshizhiyi。yinci，zaiqiangtidefushijiezhizhong，mocafuyingyounaifushixinghaodecailiaozhicheng。liru，shiyong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。當(dang)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)或(huo)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)構(gou)件(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)，且(qie)存(cun)在(zai)小(xiao)間(jian)隙(xi)時(shi)，由(you)於(yu)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)停(ting)滯(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，間(jian)隙(xi)內(nei)金(jin)屬(shu)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)會(hui)加(jia)速(su)，這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。例(li)如(ru)惠安機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)jiushidianxingdelizi。yuanyinshijietouneidejiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai，shidecanyufushifanyingdewuzhinanyijiarujietounei，jietouneidefushichanwunanyixiangwaikuosan。suizhefushidejinxing，jietouzhongdejiezhizaichengfennongduhePHzhishangyuzhenggejiezhiyuelaiyuebutong，daozhijietouzhongjinshubiaomiandefushijiaju。jianxifushiduimifengxingnengfeichangyouhai。mifengquanyushuangzhouzhijiandeaocaohuidaozhibuchanghuanwufazhouxiangweiyi，shiqusuidongxing，daozhiduanmianfenlihexielou。jianxifushitongchangkeyitongguoshidangdecailiaoxuanzehehelidejiegoushejilaihuanjie。biruxuanzekangjianxifushixingnenghaodecailiao；zaijiegoushejizhong，yingjinkenengbimianyetijijudejianxihesiqu。caiyongzichongxixunhuan，shimifengqiangneidejiezhichuyubuduangenghuanheliudongdezhuangtai，fangzhijiezhichengfendenongdubianhua；對dui於yu長chang期qi停ting用yong的de泵beng，應ying及ji時shi排pai出chu積ji聚ju的de液ye體ti等deng。不bu可ke能neng完wan全quan消xiao除chu結jie構gou上shang的de差cha距ju。所suo以yi一yi般ban采cai用yong防fang護hu軸zhou承cheng，可ke以yi在zai密mi封feng圈quan安an裝zhuang部bu位wei噴pen塗tu耐nai腐fu蝕shi材cai料liao來lai防fang止zhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，惠安機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就惠安機械密封摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)而(er)言(yan)，它(ta)們(men)經(jing)常(chang)受(shou)到(dao)電(dian)化(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)損(sun)害(hai)，因(yin)為(wei)摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)中(zhong)通(tong)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)。當(dang)它(ta)們(men)處(chu)於(yu)電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)時(shi)，不(bu)同(tong)材(cai)料(liao)接(jie)觸(chu)時(shi)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)點(dian)耦(ou)合(he)效(xiao)應(ying)，即(ji)一(yi)種(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)得(de)到(dao)促(cu)進(jin)，另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)得(de)到(dao)抑(yi)製(zhi)。例(li)如(ru)，當(dang)銅(tong)和(he)鎳(nie)鉻(ge)鋼(gang)用(yong)於(yu)氧(yang)化(hua)介(jie)質(zhi)時(shi)，鎳(nie)鎘(ge)鋼(gang)被(bei)電(dian)離(li)和(he)分(fen)解(jie)。鹽(yan)水(shui)、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
