發布時間：2026-04-27 08:40:19 人氣：230156 來源：
腐蝕對密封件的性能影響很大。由於密封件比主機的零件小，而且更精密，通常要選用比主機封耐腐蝕的材料。
類型1.全麵腐蝕與局部腐蝕。
全麵腐蝕，即零件接觸介質的表麵產生均勻腐蝕，其特征是零件的重量減輕，甚至會全部被腐蝕;失去強度;減低硬度。如用1Cr18Ni9Ti不鏽鋼製作的多彈簧，用於稀硫酸時就會出現這種情況。局部腐蝕，可以簡單地用零件上的蝕斑、蝕shi孔kong來lai判pan明ming。局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi是shi多duo相xiang合he金jin中zhong的de某mou一yi相xiang或huo單dan相xiang固gu溶rong體ti的de某mou一yi元yuan素su，被bei介jie質zhi選xuan擇ze性xing溶rong解jie的de腐fu蝕shi形xing態tai。例li如ru，鈷gu基ji硬ying質zhi合he金jin用yong於yu高gao溫wen強qiang堿jian中zhong時shi，粘zhan結jie相xiang金jin屬shu鈷gu易yi被bei腐fu蝕shi，硬ying質zhi相xiang碳tan化hua鎢wu骨gu架jia失shi去qu強qiang度du，在zai機ji械xie力li的de作zuo用yong下xia產chan生sheng晶jing粒li剝bo落luo。又you如ru，反fan應ying燒shao結jie碳tan化hua矽gui，因yin遊you離li矽gui被bei腐fu蝕shi而er表biao麵mian呈cheng現xian麻ma點dian(PH>10時)。
處chu理li強qiang腐fu蝕shi流liu體ti時shi，采cai用yong外wai裝zhuang式shi或huo雙shuang端duan麵mian密mi封feng，可ke以yi最zui大da限xian度du減jian輕qing腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng件jian的de影ying響xiang，因yin為wei它ta與yu工gong藝yi流liu體ti相xiang接jie觸chu的de零ling件jian數shu最zui少shao。這zhe也ye是shi在zai強qiang腐fu蝕shi條tiao件jian下xia，選xuan擇ze密mi封feng結jie構gou的de一yi條tiao最zui中zhong古gu窯yao的de原yuan則ze。
類型2.應力腐蝕。
yinglifushishijinshucailiaozaichengshouyinglizhuangtaixiachuyufushihuanjingzhongsuochanshengdefushixianxiang。bulunshiwaibuzaihehuocanyuyingli，fushidouhuijiaju。rongyichanshengyinglifushidecailiaodeaoshitibuxiugang、tonghejindeng。yinglifushideguochengyibanshizaijinshubiaomianshangxingchengxuanzexingdefushigoucao，zaijixuchanshengjubufushi，zuihouzaiyinglidezuoyongxia，conggoucaodibuchanshengliewen。dianxingdeshilishi104型浮梁機械密封的傳動套，它的材料為1Cr18Ni9Ti，dangyongyuanshuibengshangshi，chuandongtaodechuandongerhuanzuirongyichuxianyinglifushiliewen，shierhuansunhuai。weici，jiangqiaoxingerhuangaiweishixintuer，jikefangzhichanshengzhezhongyinglifushi。
類型3.介質腐蝕。
密mi封feng件jian與yu流liu體ti間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong，致zhi使shi接jie觸chu麵mian上shang發fa生sheng微wei觀guan凹ao凸tu不bu平ping。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi，將jiang加jia快kuai密mi封feng接jie觸chu表biao麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying，這zhe種zhong反fan應ying有you時shi是shi有you利li的de，有you時shi是shi有you害hai的de。如ru果guo所suo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai，即ji出chu現xian腐fu蝕shi。由you磨mo損sun與yu磨mo蝕shi的de交jiao替ti作zuo用yong而er造zao成cheng材cai料liao的de破po壞huai稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang磨mo蝕shi對dui浮梁機械密封的非主要元件如彈簧座、推環、huanzuodengsuodailaideweihaihaibuzhixunsudifanyingchumifengxingnengdebianhua，danqueshimocafushixiaodezhuyaoxingtaizhiyi。weici，zaiqiangfushixingjiezhizhong，mocafuyingcaiyongnaifushixingnenghaodecailiao。rucaiyong99.5%的高純氧化鋁陶瓷，或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽等。
類型4.間隙腐蝕。
dangjiezhichuyujinshuyujinshuhuifeijinshuyuanjianzhijian，cunzaihenxiaodefengxishi，youyujiezhichengzhiliuzhuangtai，huiyinqifengxineijinshudefushijiasu，zhezhongfushixingtaichengweijianxifushi。liru浮梁機械密封彈簧座與軸之間，補償環輔助密封圈與軸之間(當然此處還存在微動磨損)chuxiandegoucaohuoshidianjishidianxingdelizi。jiuqiyuanyin，shiyouyufengneijiezhichuyuzhiliuzhuangtai，shidecanjiafushifanyingdewuzhinanyixiangfengneibuchong，erfengneidefushichanwuyounanyixiangwaikuosan，yushizaochengfengneijiezhisuizhefushidejinxing，zaizuchengdenongdu、PH值等方麵愈來愈和整體介質產生很大差異，結果便導致縫內金屬表麵的腐蝕加劇。
間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng性xing能neng的de危wei害hai很hen大da，密mi封feng圈quan與yu對dui偶ou軸zhou處chu產chan生sheng溝gou槽cao，將jiang導dao致zhi補bu償chang環huan不bu能neng作zuo軸zhou向xiang位wei移yi，失shi去qu追zhui隨sui性xing使shi端duan麵mian分fen離li而er泄xie漏lou。對dui於yu間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi，通tong常chang可ke以yi通tong過guo正zheng確que選xuan材cai和he合he理li的de結jie構gou設she計ji予yu以yi減jian輕qing。如ru選xuan用yong具ju有you良liang好hao的de抗kang間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi性xing能neng的de材cai料liao;在結構設計上應盡可能避免形成縫隙和積液死區;采用自衝洗方式進行循環，使密封腔內的介質處於不斷更換和流動狀態，防止介質組分的濃度變化;長(chang)期(qi)停(ting)用(yong)的(de)機(ji)泵(beng)，應(ying)將(jiang)積(ji)液(ye)及(ji)時(shi)排(pai)空(kong)等(deng)等(deng)，在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)要(yao)完(wan)全(quan)消(xiao)除(chu)間(jian)隙(xi)是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)的(de)，因(yin)此(ci)，一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)保(bao)護(hu)性(xing)的(de)軸(zhou)承(cheng)，在(zai)其(qi)密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)安(an)裝(zhuang)部(bu)位(wei)可(ke)噴(pen)塗(tu)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)材(cai)料(liao)加(jia)以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)。
類型5.電化學腐蝕。
實際上，浮梁機械密封的各種腐蝕形態，或多或少都銅電化學腐蝕有關。就浮梁機械密封mocafueryan，changchanghuishoudaodianhuaxuefushideweihai，yinweimocafuzuduichangyongbutongzhongcailiao，dangtamenchuyudianjiezhirongyezhong，youyucailiaoguyoudefushidianweibutong，jiechushijiuhuichuchuxianbutongcailiaozhijiandedianouxiaoying，jiyizhongcailiaodefushihuishoudaocujin，lingyizhongcailiaodefushihuishoudaoyizhi。lirutongyuniegegangzudui，yongyuyanghuaxingjiezhizhongshi，niegegangfashengdianlifenjie。yanshui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等都是典型電解質溶液，密封件易於產生電化學腐蝕，因而最好是選擇電位相近的材料或陶瓷與填充玻璃纖維聚四氟乙烯組對。
