發布時間:2026-04-22 07:54:55 人氣:303930 來源:川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕,即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕,其特點是零件重量減輕,甚至完全腐蝕;失去力量;降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang,zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong,zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi,yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu,zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi,youyuyouliguidefushi,fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng件jian的de性xing能neng有you很hen大da影ying響xiang。由you於yu密mi封feng比bi主zhu機ji的de零ling件jian更geng小xiao,精jing度du更geng高gao,所suo以yi通tong常chang選xuan擇ze比bi主zhu機ji密mi封feng耐nai腐fu蝕shi的de材cai料liao。對dui於yu與yu介jie質zhi直zhi接jie接jie觸chu的de密mi封feng件jian,可ke參can考kao相xiang關guan腐fu蝕shi手shou冊ce中zhong的de數shu據ju選xuan擇ze合he適shi的de材cai料liao。然ran而er,這zhe些xie數shu據ju可ke能neng與yu定西機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致,因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據,並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明,壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高,密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
zaichuliqiangfushixingliutishi,caiyongwaimifenghuoshuangduanmifengkeyizuidaxiandudijianshaofushiduimifengdeyingxiang,yinweitayugongyiliutijiechudelingjianshuliangzuishao。zheyeshizaiqiangfushitiaojianxiaxuanzemifengjiegouzuigulaodeyaolizhiyi。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力,都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、tonghejindeng。rongyichanshengyinglifushi。zaiyinglifushiguochengzhong,yibanzaijinshubiaomianxingchengxuanzexingfushicao,ranhoujixujubufushi,zuihouzaiyinglizuoyongxiacongcaodichanshengliewen。dianxingdelizishi104型定西機械密封的傳動套筒,由1Cr18Ni9Ti製(zhi)成(cheng)。在(zai)氨(an)水(shui)泵(beng)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi),傳(chuan)動(dong)套(tao)筒(tong)的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)耳(er)環(huan)最(zui)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)裂(lie)紋(wen),從(cong)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)耳(er)環(huan)。所(suo)以(yi)把(ba)凹(ao)耳(er)釘(ding)換(huan)成(cheng)實(shi)心(xin)耳(er)片(pian)可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)這(zhe)種(zhong)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。
3.介jie質zhi腐fu蝕shi。密mi封feng件jian和he流liu體ti之zhi間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong導dao致zhi接jie觸chu表biao麵mian上shang的de微wei小xiao不bu均jun勻yun。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi,會hui加jia速su密mi封feng接jie觸chu麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying,有you時shi有you益yi,有you時shi有you害hai。如ru果guo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai,就jiu會hui發fa生sheng腐fu蝕shi。磨mo損sun和he磨mo蝕shi交jiao替ti作zuo用yong對dui材cai料liao造zao成cheng的de損sun傷shang稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang,磨mo損sun對dui定西機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞,如彈簧座、推環、huanzuodeng。bingbunengxunsufanyingmifengxingnengdebianhua,danqueshimocafushixiaodezhuyaoxingshizhiyi。yinci,zaiqiangtidefushijiezhizhong,mocafuyingyounaifushixinghaodecailiaozhicheng。liru,shiyong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。當(dang)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)或(huo)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)構(gou)件(jian)之(zhi)間(jian),且(qie)存(cun)在(zai)小(xiao)間(jian)隙(xi)時(shi),由(you)於(yu)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)停(ting)滯(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai),間(jian)隙(xi)內(nei)金(jin)屬(shu)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)會(hui)加(jia)速(su),這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。例(li)如(ru)定西機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點,補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)就(jiu)是(shi)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)例(li)子(zi)。原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)接(jie)頭(tou)內(nei)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)停(ting)滯(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai),使(shi)得(de)參(can)與(yu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)反(fan)應(ying)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)難(nan)以(yi)加(jia)入(ru)接(jie)頭(tou)內(nei),接(jie)頭(tou)內(nei)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)產(chan)物(wu)難(nan)以(yi)向(xiang)外(wai)擴(kuo)散(san)。隨(sui)著(zhe)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)進(jin)行(xing),接(jie)頭(tou)中(zhong)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)在(zai)成(cheng)分(fen)濃(nong)度(du)和(he)PH值zhi上shang與yu整zheng個ge介jie質zhi越yue來lai越yue不bu同tong,導dao致zhi接jie頭tou中zhong金jin屬shu表biao麵mian的de腐fu蝕shi加jia劇ju。間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng性xing能neng非fei常chang有you害hai。密mi封feng圈quan與yu雙shuang軸zhou之zhi間jian的de凹ao槽cao會hui導dao致zhi補bu償chang環huan無wu法fa軸zhou向xiang位wei移yi,失shi去qu隨sui動dong性xing,導dao致zhi端duan麵mian分fen離li和he泄xie漏lou。間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi通tong常chang可ke以yi通tong過guo適shi當dang的de材cai料liao選xuan擇ze和he合he理li的de結jie構gou設she計ji來lai緩huan解jie。比bi如ru選xuan擇ze抗kang間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi性xing能neng好hao的de材cai料liao;zaijiegoushejizhong,yingjinkenengbimianyetijijudejianxihesiqu。caiyongzichongxixunhuan,shimifengqiangneidejiezhichuyubuduangenghuanheliudongdezhuangtai,fangzhijiezhichengfendenongdubianhua;對(dui)於(yu)長(chang)期(qi)停(ting)用(yong)的(de)泵(beng),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)排(pai)出(chu)積(ji)聚(ju)的(de)液(ye)體(ti)等(deng)。不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)消(xiao)除(chu)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)的(de)差(cha)距(ju)。所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)防(fang)護(hu)軸(zhou)承(cheng),可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)安(an)裝(zhuang)部(bu)位(wei)噴(pen)塗(tu)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)材(cai)料(liao)來(lai)防(fang)止(zhi)。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上,定西機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就定西機械密封mocafueryan,tamenjingchangshoudaodianhuaxuefushidesunhai,yinweimocafuzhongtongchangshiyongbutongdecailiao。dangtamenchuyudianjiezhirongyezhongshi,butongcailiaojiechushihuichuxiandianouhexiaoying,jiyizhongcailiaodefushidedaocujin,lingyizhongcailiaodefushidedaoyizhi。liru,dangtongheniegegangyongyuyanghuajiezhishi,niegegangbeidianlihefenjie。yanshui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液,密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷,以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。