發布時間：2026-04-21 13:13:17 人氣：303602 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Ti不(bu)鏽(xiu)鋼(gang)製(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)多(duo)彈(dan)簧(huang)，在(zai)稀(xi)硫(liu)酸(suan)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)。局(ju)部(bu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)可(ke)以(yi)簡(jian)單(dan)地(di)通(tong)過(guo)零(ling)件(jian)上(shang)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)點(dian)和(he)孔(kong)來(lai)識(shi)別(bie)。局(ju)部(bu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)是(shi)多(duo)相(xiang)合(he)金(jin)中(zhong)的(de)某(mou)一(yi)相(xiang)或(huo)單(dan)相(xiang)固(gu)溶(rong)體(ti)中(zhong)的(de)某(mou)一(yi)元(yuan)素(su)被(bei)介(jie)質(zhi)選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)溶(rong)解(jie)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)形(xing)式(shi)。如(ru)鈷(gu)基(ji)硬(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)強(qiang)堿(jian)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)，粘(zhan)結(jie)相(xiang)金(jin)屬(shu)鈷(gu)容(rong)易(yi)被(bei)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，硬(ying)質(zhi)相(xiang)碳(tan)化(hua)鎢(wu)骨(gu)架(jia)失(shi)去(qu)強(qiang)度(du)，在(zai)機(ji)械(xie)力(li)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)導(dao)致(zhi)晶(jing)粒(li)剝(bo)落(luo)。作(zuo)為(wei)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)例(li)子(zi)，由(you)於(yu)遊(you)離(li)矽(gui)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，反(fan)應(ying)燒(shao)結(jie)碳(tan)化(hua)矽(gui)的(de)表(biao)麵(mian)顯(xian)示(shi)麻(ma)點(dian)(PH>10時).
fushiduimifengjiandexingnengyouhendayingxiang。youyumifengbizhujidelingjiangengxiao，jingdugenggao，suoyitongchangxuanzebizhujimifengnaifushidecailiao。duiyuyujiezhizhijiejiechudemifengjian，kecankaoxiangguanfushishoucezhongdeshujuxuanzeheshidecailiao。raner，zhexieshujukenengyu大安機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
zaichuliqiangfushixingliutishi，caiyongwaimifenghuoshuangduanmifengkeyizuidaxiandudijianshaofushiduimifengdeyingxiang，yinweitayugongyiliutijiechudelingjianshuliangzuishao。zheyeshizaiqiangfushitiaojianxiaxuanzemifengjiegouzuigulaodeyaolizhiyi。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、銅tong合he金jin等deng。容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。在zai應ying力li腐fu蝕shi過guo程cheng中zhong，一yi般ban在zai金jin屬shu表biao麵mian形xing成cheng選xuan擇ze性xing腐fu蝕shi槽cao，然ran後hou繼ji續xu局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi，最zui後hou在zai應ying力li作zuo用yong下xia從cong槽cao底di產chan生sheng裂lie紋wen。典dian型xing的de例li子zi是shi104型大安機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Ti製zhi成cheng。在zai氨an水shui泵beng中zhong使shi用yong時shi，傳chuan動dong套tao筒tong的de傳chuan動dong耳er環huan最zui容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi裂lie紋wen，從cong而er損sun壞huai耳er環huan。所suo以yi把ba凹ao耳er釘ding換huan成cheng實shi心xin耳er片pian可ke以yi防fang止zhi這zhe種zhong應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。
3.jiezhifushi。mifengjianheliutizhijiandegaosuyundongdaozhijiechubiaomianshangdeweixiaobujunyun。dangliutiweifushixingjiezhishi，huijiasumifengjiechumiandehuaxuefanying，youshiyouyi，youshiyouhai。ruguoxingchengdeyanghuacengbeipohuai，jiuhuifashengfushi。mosunhemoshijiaotizuoyongduicailiaozaochengdesunshangchengweimoshi。tongchang，mosundui大安機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、huanzuodeng。bingbunengxunsufanyingmifengxingnengdebianhua，danqueshimocafushixiaodezhuyaoxingshizhiyi。yinci，zaiqiangtidefushijiezhizhong，mocafuyingyounaifushixinghaodecailiaozhicheng。liru，shiyong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi。當dang介jie質zhi處chu於yu金jin屬shu與yu金jin屬shu或huo非fei金jin屬shu構gou件jian之zhi間jian，且qie存cun在zai小xiao間jian隙xi時shi，由you於yu介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai，間jian隙xi內nei金jin屬shu的de腐fu蝕shi會hui加jia速su，這zhe種zhong現xian象xiang稱cheng為wei間jian隙xi腐fu蝕shi。例li如ru大安機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)jiushidianxingdelizi。yuanyinshijietouneidejiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai，shidecanyufushifanyingdewuzhinanyijiarujietounei，jietouneidefushichanwunanyixiangwaikuosan。suizhefushidejinxing，jietouzhongdejiezhizaichengfennongduhePH值(zhi)上(shang)與(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)介(jie)質(zhi)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)不(bu)同(tong)，導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)頭(tou)中(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)加(jia)劇(ju)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng)非(fei)常(chang)有(you)害(hai)。密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)與(yu)雙(shuang)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)凹(ao)槽(cao)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)補(bu)償(chang)環(huan)無(wu)法(fa)軸(zhou)向(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)，失(shi)去(qu)隨(sui)動(dong)性(xing)，導(dao)致(zhi)端(duan)麵(mian)分(fen)離(li)和(he)泄(xie)漏(lou)。間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)合(he)理(li)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)來(lai)緩(huan)解(jie)。比(bi)如(ru)選(xuan)擇(ze)抗(kang)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)；在zai結jie構gou設she計ji中zhong，應ying盡jin可ke能neng避bi免mian液ye體ti積ji聚ju的de間jian隙xi和he死si區qu。采cai用yong自zi衝chong洗xi循xun環huan，使shi密mi封feng腔qiang內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu不bu斷duan更geng換huan和he流liu動dong的de狀zhuang態tai，防fang止zhi介jie質zhi成cheng分fen的de濃nong度du變bian化hua；duiyuchangqitingyongdebeng，yingjishipaichujijudeyetideng。bukenengwanquanxiaochujiegoushangdechaju。suoyiyibancaiyongfanghuzhoucheng，keyizaimifengquananzhuangbuweipentunaifushicailiaolaifangzhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，大安機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就大安機械密封摩mo擦ca副fu而er言yan，它ta們men經jing常chang受shou到dao電dian化hua學xue腐fu蝕shi的de損sun害hai，因yin為wei摩mo擦ca副fu中zhong通tong常chang使shi用yong不bu同tong的de材cai料liao。當dang它ta們men處chu於yu電dian解jie質zhi溶rong液ye中zhong時shi，不bu同tong材cai料liao接jie觸chu時shi會hui出chu現xian點dian耦ou合he效xiao應ying，即ji一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao促cu進jin，另ling一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao抑yi製zhi。例li如ru，當dang銅tong和he鎳nie鉻ge鋼gang用yong於yu氧yang化hua介jie質zhi時shi，鎳nie鎘ge鋼gang被bei電dian離li和he分fen解jie。鹽yan水shui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
