發布時間:2026-04-26 01:21:13 人氣:305949 來源:川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕,即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕,其特點是零件重量減輕,甚至完全腐蝕;失去力量;降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Tibuxiugangzhichengdeduodanhuang,zaixiliusuanzhongshiyonghuichuxianzhezhongqingkuang。jubufushikeyijiandanditongguolingjianshangdefushidianhekonglaishibie。jubufushishiduoxianghejinzhongdemouyixianghuodanxianggurongtizhongdemouyiyuansubeijiezhixuanzexingrongjiedefushixingshi。rugujiyingzhihejinzaigaowenqiangjiantiaojianxiashiyong,zhanjiexiangjinshugurongyibeifushi,yingzhixiangtanhuawugujiashiquqiangdu,zaijixielidezuoyongxiadaozhijingliboluo。zuoweilingyigelizi,youyuyouliguidefushi,fanyingshaojietanhuaguidebiaomianxianshimadian(PH>10時).
腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng件jian的de性xing能neng有you很hen大da影ying響xiang。由you於yu密mi封feng比bi主zhu機ji的de零ling件jian更geng小xiao,精jing度du更geng高gao,所suo以yi通tong常chang選xuan擇ze比bi主zhu機ji密mi封feng耐nai腐fu蝕shi的de材cai料liao。對dui於yu與yu介jie質zhi直zhi接jie接jie觸chu的de密mi封feng件jian,可ke參can考kao相xiang關guan腐fu蝕shi手shou冊ce中zhong的de數shu據ju選xuan擇ze合he適shi的de材cai料liao。然ran而er,這zhe些xie數shu據ju可ke能neng與yu帶嶺機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致,因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據,並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明,壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高,密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在zai處chu理li強qiang腐fu蝕shi性xing流liu體ti時shi,采cai用yong外wai密mi封feng或huo雙shuang端duan密mi封feng可ke以yi最zui大da限xian度du地di減jian少shao腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng的de影ying響xiang,因yin為wei它ta與yu工gong藝yi流liu體ti接jie觸chu的de零ling件jian數shu量liang最zui少shao。這zhe也ye是shi在zai強qiang腐fu蝕shi條tiao件jian下xia選xuan擇ze密mi封feng結jie構gou最zui古gu老lao的de窯yao理li之zhi一yi。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力,都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、tonghejindeng。rongyichanshengyinglifushi。zaiyinglifushiguochengzhong,yibanzaijinshubiaomianxingchengxuanzexingfushicao,ranhoujixujubufushi,zuihouzaiyinglizuoyongxiacongcaodichanshengliewen。dianxingdelizishi104型帶嶺機械密封的傳動套筒,由1Cr18Ni9Ti製zhi成cheng。在zai氨an水shui泵beng中zhong使shi用yong時shi,傳chuan動dong套tao筒tong的de傳chuan動dong耳er環huan最zui容rong易yi產chan生sheng應ying力li腐fu蝕shi裂lie紋wen,從cong而er損sun壞huai耳er環huan。所suo以yi把ba凹ao耳er釘ding換huan成cheng實shi心xin耳er片pian可ke以yi防fang止zhi這zhe種zhong應ying力li腐fu蝕shi。
3.jiezhifushi。mifengjianheliutizhijiandegaosuyundongdaozhijiechubiaomianshangdeweixiaobujunyun。dangliutiweifushixingjiezhishi,huijiasumifengjiechumiandehuaxuefanying,youshiyouyi,youshiyouhai。ruguoxingchengdeyanghuacengbeipohuai,jiuhuifashengfushi。mosunhemoshijiaotizuoyongduicailiaozaochengdesunshangchengweimoshi。tongchang,mosundui帶嶺機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞,如彈簧座、推環、環(huan)座(zuo)等(deng)。並(bing)不(bu)能(neng)迅(xun)速(su)反(fan)映(ying)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)變(bian)化(hua),但(dan)卻(que)是(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)形(xing)式(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)。因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)腔(qiang)體(ti)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)介(jie)質(zhi)中(zhong),摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)應(ying)由(you)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)好(hao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)製(zhi)成(cheng)。例(li)如(ru),使(shi)用(yong)99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。當(dang)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)或(huo)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)構(gou)件(jian)之(zhi)間(jian),且(qie)存(cun)在(zai)小(xiao)間(jian)隙(xi)時(shi),由(you)於(yu)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)停(ting)滯(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai),間(jian)隙(xi)內(nei)金(jin)屬(shu)的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)會(hui)加(jia)速(su),這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)間(jian)隙(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。例(li)如(ru)帶嶺機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點,補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)jiushidianxingdelizi。yuanyinshijietouneidejiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai,shidecanyufushifanyingdewuzhinanyijiarujietounei,jietouneidefushichanwunanyixiangwaikuosan。suizhefushidejinxing,jietouzhongdejiezhizaichengfennongduhePHzhishangyuzhenggejiezhiyuelaiyuebutong,daozhijietouzhongjinshubiaomiandefushijiaju。jianxifushiduimifengxingnengfeichangyouhai。mifengquanyushuangzhouzhijiandeaocaohuidaozhibuchanghuanwufazhouxiangweiyi,shiqusuidongxing,daozhiduanmianfenlihexielou。jianxifushitongchangkeyitongguoshidangdecailiaoxuanzehehelidejiegoushejilaihuanjie。biruxuanzekangjianxifushixingnenghaodecailiao;zaijiegoushejizhong,yingjinkenengbimianyetijijudejianxihesiqu。caiyongzichongxixunhuan,shimifengqiangneidejiezhichuyubuduangenghuanheliudongdezhuangtai,fangzhijiezhichengfendenongdubianhua;duiyuchangqitingyongdebeng,yingjishipaichujijudeyetideng。bukenengwanquanxiaochujiegoushangdechaju。suoyiyibancaiyongfanghuzhoucheng,keyizaimifengquananzhuangbuweipentunaifushicailiaolaifangzhi。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上,帶嶺機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就帶嶺機械密封摩mo擦ca副fu而er言yan,它ta們men經jing常chang受shou到dao電dian化hua學xue腐fu蝕shi的de損sun害hai,因yin為wei摩mo擦ca副fu中zhong通tong常chang使shi用yong不bu同tong的de材cai料liao。當dang它ta們men處chu於yu電dian解jie質zhi溶rong液ye中zhong時shi,不bu同tong材cai料liao接jie觸chu時shi會hui出chu現xian點dian耦ou合he效xiao應ying,即ji一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao促cu進jin,另ling一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao抑yi製zhi。例li如ru,當dang銅tong和he鎳nie鉻ge鋼gang用yong於yu氧yang化hua介jie質zhi時shi,鎳nie鎘ge鋼gang被bei電dian離li和he分fen解jie。鹽yan水shui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液,密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷,以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。