發布時間：2026-04-23 10:32:28 人氣：304467 來源：川工密封
1.整體腐蝕和局部腐蝕。綜合腐蝕，即與介質接觸的零件表麵發生均勻腐蝕，其特點是零件重量減輕，甚至完全腐蝕；失去力量；降低硬度。如1Cr18Ni9Ti不bu鏽xiu鋼gang製zhi成cheng的de多duo彈dan簧huang，在zai稀xi硫liu酸suan中zhong使shi用yong會hui出chu現xian這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang。局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi可ke以yi簡jian單dan地di通tong過guo零ling件jian上shang的de腐fu蝕shi點dian和he孔kong來lai識shi別bie。局ju部bu腐fu蝕shi是shi多duo相xiang合he金jin中zhong的de某mou一yi相xiang或huo單dan相xiang固gu溶rong體ti中zhong的de某mou一yi元yuan素su被bei介jie質zhi選xuan擇ze性xing溶rong解jie的de腐fu蝕shi形xing式shi。如ru鈷gu基ji硬ying質zhi合he金jin在zai高gao溫wen強qiang堿jian條tiao件jian下xia使shi用yong，粘zhan結jie相xiang金jin屬shu鈷gu容rong易yi被bei腐fu蝕shi，硬ying質zhi相xiang碳tan化hua鎢wu骨gu架jia失shi去qu強qiang度du，在zai機ji械xie力li的de作zuo用yong下xia導dao致zhi晶jing粒li剝bo落luo。作zuo為wei另ling一yi個ge例li子zi，由you於yu遊you離li矽gui的de腐fu蝕shi，反fan應ying燒shao結jie碳tan化hua矽gui的de表biao麵mian顯xian示shi麻ma點dian(PH>10時).
腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng件jian的de性xing能neng有you很hen大da影ying響xiang。由you於yu密mi封feng比bi主zhu機ji的de零ling件jian更geng小xiao，精jing度du更geng高gao，所suo以yi通tong常chang選xuan擇ze比bi主zhu機ji密mi封feng耐nai腐fu蝕shi的de材cai料liao。對dui於yu與yu介jie質zhi直zhi接jie接jie觸chu的de密mi封feng件jian，可ke參can考kao相xiang關guan腐fu蝕shi手shou冊ce中zhong的de數shu據ju選xuan擇ze合he適shi的de材cai料liao。然ran而er，這zhe些xie數shu據ju可ke能neng與yu八步機械密封係統中使用的條件不一致，因為它們大多是靜態條件下的腐蝕數據，並且工藝流程中的介質包含雜質或二次化合物。經驗表明，壓力、溫度和滑動速度都會加速腐蝕。隨著溫度的升高，密封件的腐蝕速率呈指數增長。
在zai處chu理li強qiang腐fu蝕shi性xing流liu體ti時shi，采cai用yong外wai密mi封feng或huo雙shuang端duan密mi封feng可ke以yi最zui大da限xian度du地di減jian少shao腐fu蝕shi對dui密mi封feng的de影ying響xiang，因yin為wei它ta與yu工gong藝yi流liu體ti接jie觸chu的de零ling件jian數shu量liang最zui少shao。這zhe也ye是shi在zai強qiang腐fu蝕shi條tiao件jian下xia選xuan擇ze密mi封feng結jie構gou最zui古gu老lao的de窯yao理li之zhi一yi。
2.應力腐蝕。應力腐蝕是金屬材料在應力作用下在腐蝕環境中的腐蝕現象。無論是外載荷還是殘餘應力，都會加劇腐蝕。奧氏體不鏽鋼、tonghejindeng。rongyichanshengyinglifushi。zaiyinglifushiguochengzhong，yibanzaijinshubiaomianxingchengxuanzexingfushicao，ranhoujixujubufushi，zuihouzaiyinglizuoyongxiacongcaodichanshengliewen。dianxingdelizishi104型八步機械密封的傳動套筒，由1Cr18Ni9Ti製(zhi)成(cheng)。在(zai)氨(an)水(shui)泵(beng)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，傳(chuan)動(dong)套(tao)筒(tong)的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)耳(er)環(huan)最(zui)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)裂(lie)紋(wen)，從(cong)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)耳(er)環(huan)。所(suo)以(yi)把(ba)凹(ao)耳(er)釘(ding)換(huan)成(cheng)實(shi)心(xin)耳(er)片(pian)可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)這(zhe)種(zhong)應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。
3.介jie質zhi腐fu蝕shi。密mi封feng件jian和he流liu體ti之zhi間jian的de高gao速su運yun動dong導dao致zhi接jie觸chu表biao麵mian上shang的de微wei小xiao不bu均jun勻yun。當dang流liu體ti為wei腐fu蝕shi性xing介jie質zhi時shi，會hui加jia速su密mi封feng接jie觸chu麵mian的de化hua學xue反fan應ying，有you時shi有you益yi，有you時shi有you害hai。如ru果guo形xing成cheng的de氧yang化hua層ceng被bei破po壞huai，就jiu會hui發fa生sheng腐fu蝕shi。磨mo損sun和he磨mo蝕shi交jiao替ti作zuo用yong對dui材cai料liao造zao成cheng的de損sun傷shang稱cheng為wei磨mo蝕shi。通tong常chang，磨mo損sun對dui八步機械密封的非主要部件造成的損壞，如彈簧座、推環、huanzuodeng。bingbunengxunsufanyingmifengxingnengdebianhua，danqueshimocafushixiaodezhuyaoxingshizhiyi。yinci，zaiqiangtidefushijiezhizhong，mocafuyingyounaifushixinghaodecailiaozhicheng。liru，shiyong99.5%高純度氧化鋁陶瓷或不含遊離矽的熱壓燒結碳化矽。
4.jianxifushi。dangjiezhichuyujinshuyujinshuhuofeijinshugoujianzhijian，qiecunzaixiaojianxishi，youyujiezhichuyutingzhizhuangtai，jianxineijinshudefushihuijiasu，zhezhongxianxiangchengweijianxifushi。liru八步機械密封彈簧座與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點，補償環輔助密封環與軸之間的溝槽或衝蝕點(這裏當然有微動磨損)就jiu是shi典dian型xing的de例li子zi。原yuan因yin是shi接jie頭tou內nei的de介jie質zhi處chu於yu停ting滯zhi狀zhuang態tai，使shi得de參can與yu腐fu蝕shi反fan應ying的de物wu質zhi難nan以yi加jia入ru接jie頭tou內nei，接jie頭tou內nei的de腐fu蝕shi產chan物wu難nan以yi向xiang外wai擴kuo散san。隨sui著zhe腐fu蝕shi的de進jin行xing，接jie頭tou中zhong的de介jie質zhi在zai成cheng分fen濃nong度du和hePHzhishangyuzhenggejiezhiyuelaiyuebutong，daozhijietouzhongjinshubiaomiandefushijiaju。jianxifushiduimifengxingnengfeichangyouhai。mifengquanyushuangzhouzhijiandeaocaohuidaozhibuchanghuanwufazhouxiangweiyi，shiqusuidongxing，daozhiduanmianfenlihexielou。jianxifushitongchangkeyitongguoshidangdecailiaoxuanzehehelidejiegoushejilaihuanjie。biruxuanzekangjianxifushixingnenghaodecailiao；在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)，應(ying)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)避(bi)免(mian)液(ye)體(ti)積(ji)聚(ju)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)和(he)死(si)區(qu)。采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)衝(chong)洗(xi)循(xun)環(huan)，使(shi)密(mi)封(feng)腔(qiang)內(nei)的(de)介(jie)質(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)不(bu)斷(duan)更(geng)換(huan)和(he)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，防(fang)止(zhi)介(jie)質(zhi)成(cheng)分(fen)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)變(bian)化(hua)；對(dui)於(yu)長(chang)期(qi)停(ting)用(yong)的(de)泵(beng)，應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)排(pai)出(chu)積(ji)聚(ju)的(de)液(ye)體(ti)等(deng)。不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)消(xiao)除(chu)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)的(de)差(cha)距(ju)。所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)防(fang)護(hu)軸(zhou)承(cheng)，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)安(an)裝(zhuang)部(bu)位(wei)噴(pen)塗(tu)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)材(cai)料(liao)來(lai)防(fang)止(zhi)。
5.電化學腐蝕。事實上，八步機械密封的各種腐蝕形式或多或少都與銅的電化學腐蝕有關。就八步機械密封摩mo擦ca副fu而er言yan，它ta們men經jing常chang受shou到dao電dian化hua學xue腐fu蝕shi的de損sun害hai，因yin為wei摩mo擦ca副fu中zhong通tong常chang使shi用yong不bu同tong的de材cai料liao。當dang它ta們men處chu於yu電dian解jie質zhi溶rong液ye中zhong時shi，不bu同tong材cai料liao接jie觸chu時shi會hui出chu現xian點dian耦ou合he效xiao應ying，即ji一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao促cu進jin，另ling一yi種zhong材cai料liao的de腐fu蝕shi得de到dao抑yi製zhi。例li如ru，當dang銅tong和he鎳nie鉻ge鋼gang用yong於yu氧yang化hua介jie質zhi時shi，鎳nie鎘ge鋼gang被bei電dian離li和he分fen解jie。鹽yan水shui、海水、稀鹽酸、稀硫酸等。都是典型的電解質溶液，密封件容易發生電化學腐蝕。所以最好選擇材料或者電位相近的陶瓷，以及玻璃纖維填充的PTFE。
